The breeding bird fauna of the Haselkaralm

On the Haselkaralm almost all typical species of this altitude could be observed. Compared to the other species studied, the caper chicken, the mountain foliage and fitis, black, three toe and grey woodpecker, cuckoo, monkgrass mosquito, summer gold chicken, turtle falcon and water amsel were missing here. The latter is not to be expected in the Haselkar, since there is no stream there. Fitis and cuckoo were found only on one alpine pasture. The summer golden chicken is also rare in the area. The mountain foliage swell prefers stony, heat-favoured forests that are not present in the Haselkar. However, the porridge was found on the alpine pasture during the 2005 grid mapping (Customer 2011). The lack of observations of the three species of woodpeckers may be attributed to the late mapping time and the small number of ascents. Overall, due to the small number of inspections, recording deficiencies cannot be ruled out. The tree pieper was not observed in the Haselkar either. On the other hand, the mountain pieper could be found on the Haselkaralm above all on the Lugauerplan, which is hardly grazed (Figure 13). The absence of the tree pieper and the distribution of the mountain pieper may be related to the increased eutrophication of the areas and intensive grazing (cf. Sulzkaralm). In the Swiss middle country, the decline in the stock of the mountain pieper is attributed to the increasing eutrophication. The current distribution and the different settlement densities of the tree pieper are likely to be related to fertiliser quantities. For an explanation with climate data, there are no indications for both species (Glutz von Botzheim 2000).在哈瑟卡尔阿尔姆（Haselkaralm），此海拔带的几乎所有典型物种均已被观测到。相较于其他已研究物种，此处未发现松鸡（caper chicken）、山地叶莺（mountain foliage）、菲蒂斯莺（fitis）、黑啄木鸟、三趾啄木鸟（three-toed woodpecker）、灰啄木鸟（grey woodpecker）、杜鹃（cuckoo）、蓑衣草蚊（monkgrass mosquito）、金鹀（summer gold chicken）、燕隼（turtle falcon）以及水乌鸫（water amsel）。鉴于哈瑟卡尔（Haselkar）区域内无溪流，此处本就不应出现水乌鸫。菲蒂斯莺与杜鹃仅在一处高山牧场被观测到，金鹀在该区域亦较为罕见。 山地叶莺偏好石质且向阳的林地，而哈瑟卡尔区域并无此类生境。不过2005年网格调查期间，该牧场曾记录到粥（porridge）。三种啄木鸟的观测缺失，或可归因于调查时间较晚且登顶次数较少。总体而言，由于调查频次有限，无法排除记录存在疏漏的可能。 树鹨（tree pipit）同样未在哈瑟卡尔区域被观测到。与之相对，山鹨（mountain pipit）可在哈瑟卡尔阿尔姆被发现，尤其集中在几乎未被放牧的卢高厄尔平原（Lugauerplan）（图13）。树鹨的缺失与山鹨的分布格局，或与该区域富营养化程度加剧及过度放牧有关（参见苏尔茨卡尔阿尔姆（Sulzkaralm））。在瑞士中部地区，山鹨种群数量的下降被归因于富营养化程度的不断升高。树鹨当前的分布范围与不同栖息密度，大概率与施肥量相关。目前尚无基于气候数据对这两个物种进行解释的相关依据（Glutz von Botzheim 2000）。