Plan for the prevention of natural hazards of the Côte d’Arbroz (Haute-Savoie) — approved on 08/12/1987

The COVADIS data standard for risk prevention plans includes all the technical and organisational specifications for the digital storage of geographical data represented in the risk prevention plans (RPPs). The major risks consist of the eight main natural hazards foreseeable in the national territory: floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, terrain movements, coastal hazards, avalanches, forest fires, cyclones and storms, and four technological risks: nuclear risk, industrial risk, risk of transport of hazardous materials and risk of dam failure. The Risk Prevention Plans (PPR) were established by the Act of 2 February 1995 on strengthening the protection of the environment. The PPR tool is part of the Law of 22 July 1987 on the organisation of civil security, the protection of the forest against fire and the prevention of major risks. The development of a RPP is the responsibility of the State. It is decided by the Prefect. Whether natural, technological or multi-hazard, risk prevention plans have similarities. They contain three categories of information: • Regulatory mapping translates into a geographical delimitation of the territory concerned by the risk. This delimitation defines areas in which specific regulations apply. These regulations are easement and impose requirements varying according to the hazard level to which the area is exposed. The areas are represented on a zoning plan that fully covers the study area. • The hazards at the origin of the risk are contained in hazard documents which may be inserted in the presentation report or annexed to the RPP. These documents are used to map the different intensity levels of each hazard considered in the risk prevention plan. • The issues identified during the preparation of the RPP can also be annexed to the approved document in the form of maps. These similarities between the different types of PPR and the desire to achieve a good level of standardisation of PPR data have led COVADIS to opt for a single data standard, sufficiently generic to process the different types of risk prevention plan (natural risk prevention plans PPRN, technological risk prevention plans PPRT) This data standard does not consist of a complete modelling of a risk prevention plan dossier. The scope of this document is limited to geographical data in the RPPs, whether regulatory or not. Nor is the PPR standard intended to standardise knowledge of hazards. The challenge is to have a description for a homogeneous storage of the geographical data of the RPPs, since these data are of interest to several professions within the ministries responsible for agriculture, on the one hand, and ecology, and on the other hand, sustainable development.COVADIS风险预防计划（Risk Prevention Plans，RPPs）数据标准，涵盖了法国领土内风险预防计划中所涉及地理数据的数字化存储所需的全部技术与组织规范。该国可预见的主要风险包含8类自然灾害与4类技术灾害：自然灾害分别为洪水、地震、火山喷发、地面位移、沿海灾害、雪崩、森林火灾、气旋与风暴；技术灾害则包括核风险、工业风险、危险货物运输风险以及堤坝溃决风险。 风险预防计划（PPR，全称为Risk Prevention Plans）由1995年2月2日《加强环境保护法案》确立，而PPR工具隶属于1987年7月22日颁布的《民用安全组织、森林防火与重大风险预防法案》。风险预防计划的制定由国家负责，并由省长最终审批。 无论针对自然风险、技术风险还是多灾种，风险预防计划均存在共通特性，其包含三类核心信息： • 合规制图：即对风险覆盖的领土范围进行地理划定，明确适用特定法规的区域。此类法规为地役权类规范，并根据区域所面临的灾害等级设定差异化约束要求，上述区域以全面覆盖研究区域的分区规划图形式呈现。 • 风险源灾害信息：构成风险的灾害相关内容收录于灾害文档中，此类文档可嵌入汇报文稿或作为附件附于风险预防计划之后，用于绘制风险预防计划中所考量的各类灾害的不同强度等级分布。 • 编制问题记录：风险预防计划编制过程中识别出的问题，亦可通过地图形式作为附件附于获批后的文档中。 鉴于不同类型PPR之间的共通特性，以及提升PPR数据标准化水平的需求，COVADIS最终选用单一数据标准。该标准具备足够的通用性，可适配各类风险预防计划的处理需求，包括自然风险预防计划（PPRN）与技术风险预防计划（PPRT）。 本数据标准并非对风险预防计划档案的完整建模，其适用范围仅局限于风险预防计划中的地理数据，无论此类数据是否属于合规范畴。同时，PPR标准也并非旨在实现灾害知识的标准化。其核心目标在于为风险预防计划的地理数据提供统一描述，以实现同质化存储——农业、生态与可持续发展主管部门内的多个专业领域均需用到此类数据。