Gut Microbiota from Multiple Sclerosis patients triggers spontaneous autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice --shotgun data--

There is emerging evidence that the commensal microbiota has a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), a putative autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Here, we compared the gut microbial composition of 34 monozygotic twin pairs discordant for MS. While there were no major differences in the overall microbial profiles, we found a significant increase in some taxa such as Akkermansia in untreated MS twins. Furthermore, most notably, when transplanted to a transgenic mouse model of spontaneous brain autoimmunity, MS twin-derived microbiota induced a significantly higher incidence of autoimmunity than the healthy twin-derived microbiota. The microbial profiles of the colonized mice showed a high intra-individual and remarkable temporal stability with several differences, including Sutterella, an organism shown to induce a protective immunoregulatory profile in vitro. Immune cells from mouse recipients of MS-twin samples produced less IL-10 compared to immune cells ...越来越多的证据表明，共生微生物群（commensal microbiota）在多发性硬化症（multiple sclerosis, MS）的发病机制中发挥重要作用——多发性硬化症是一种疑似累及中枢神经系统的自身免疫性疾病。本研究对34对多发性硬化症表型不一致的同卵双生子的肠道微生物组组成进行了比较分析。尽管整体微生物谱未呈现显著差异，但我们发现未接受治疗的MS患者双生子中，阿克曼菌属（Akkermansia）等若干分类群的丰度存在显著升高。此外，最为关键的发现是：当将双生子来源的微生物群移植到自发性脑部自身免疫转基因小鼠模型中时，源自MS患者双生子的微生物群诱导的自身免疫发病率显著高于源自健康双生子的微生物群。定植小鼠的微生物谱展现出较高的个体内稳定性与显著的时间稳定性，同时存在若干差异特征，其中包括萨特菌属（Sutterella）——该菌属已被证实可在体外诱导保护性免疫调节表型。接受MS患者双生子来源微生物群定植的小鼠，其免疫细胞产生的IL-10水平相较于健康双生子组的免疫细胞更低……