Data from: Molecular phylogeny and pollen evolution of Euphorbiaceae tribe Plukenetieae

Tribe Plukenetieae (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) is a pantropical lineage of mostly stinging, twining vines and lianas with diverse floral and pollen morphology. To elucidate generic relationships in the tribe and examine patterns of pollen morphology evolution, we conducted phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid psbA-trnH DNA sequence and indel gap-scored data. We sampled all genera in subtribes Dalechampiinae and Tragiinae, and most in Plukenetiinae; species sampling was broad in the latter two subtribes. Our efforts produced a 2,207 character dataset of 154 terminals (representing ca. 93 species). Analyses of these data support the monophyly of each subtribe and weakly suggest Dalechampiinae (Dalechampia) is sister to Plukenetiinae + Tragiinae. Within Plukenetiinae, Haematostemon is resolved as sister to Romanoa + Plukenetia, and Plukenetia is divided into five subclades that mostly correspond to the current infrageneric classification. Tragiinae is resolved into an Old World lineage and a mostly New World lineage, and is divided into ten subclades also supported by floral and/or pollen morphology. Species-rich Tragia is recovered as para- or polyphyletic and intermixed with all other currently recognized Tragiinae genera. The recently segregated genera, Bia, Ctenomeria, and Zuckertia, are upheld, and Gitara is resurrected from Acidoton, resulting in two new combinations: Gitara nicaraguensis and Zuckertia manuelii. Pollen aperture and exine morphology are largely correlated with phylogeny. The loss of pollen endopores is a potential synapomorphy of Plukenetiinae + Tragiinae, and we hypothesize that weakly defined apertures and inaperturate pollen originated independently four and three times, respectively.普克内特族（Plukenetieae）隶属于大戟科（Euphorbiaceae）铁苋菜亚科（Acalyphoideae），是一类泛热带演化支，类群以具螫毛的缠绕藤本和木质藤本为主，花形态与花粉形态多样。为阐明该族内的属间亲缘关系并解析花粉形态演化模式，本研究针对细胞核核糖体内部转录间隔区（ITS）、质体psbA-trnH区间的DNA序列数据及插入缺失（indel）间隙计分数据开展系统发育分析。本研究采样了戴伦香亚族（Dalechampiinae）与特拉基亚亚族（Tragiinae）的所有属，以及普克内特亚族（Plukenetiinae）的绝大多数属；后两个亚族的物种采样覆盖范围较广。本研究最终得到包含154个终端类群（对应约93个物种）、共计2207个性状的数据集。基于上述数据的系统发育分析支持各亚族均为单系群，并微弱支持戴伦香亚族（Dalechampia）与普克内特亚族+特拉基亚亚族构成姐妹群关系。在普克内特亚族内，血柱花属（Haematostemon）被解析为罗马诺阿属（Romanoa）+油麻藤属（Plukenetia）的姐妹群；油麻藤属可划分为5个亚支，其划分结果与当前属下分类系统大体吻合。特拉基亚亚族被划分为旧大陆演化支与以新大陆分布为主的演化支，同时可分为10个亚支，这些亚支也得到花形态及/或花粉形态的支持。物种丰富度较高的特拉基亚属（Tragia）被鉴定为并系或多系类群，且与当前公认的所有其他特拉基亚亚族属群交织分布。近年分出的比亚属（Bia）、栉叶木属（Ctenomeria）与祖克尔蒂亚属（Zuckertia）均得到保留；吉塔拉属（Gitara）从酸豆木属（Acidoton）中恢复为独立属，由此产生2个新组合：Gitara nicaraguensis与Zuckertia manuelii。花粉萌发孔与外壁形态在很大程度上与系统发育关系相关联。花粉内孔的丢失可能是普克内特亚族+特拉基亚亚族的共源性状；本研究推测，界定模糊的萌发孔与无萌发孔花粉分别独立起源了4次与3次。