Adjusted mean values in <b>Δ</b> (FEV1/FVC) and <b>Δ</b>FEF25-75% over 11 years of follow-up comparing different <i>SERPINA1</i> genotypes.

CI: confidence interval. FEF25-75%: forced mid expiratory flow. FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 second. FVC: forced vital capacity. Covariates included sex, linear and squared age, recruiting area, smoking history (packyears at baseline, as well as linear and squared packyears between baseline and follow-up), height, baseline BMI and BMI change between baseline and follow-up. aPassive smokers were defined as never smokers who declared regular exposure to environmental tobacco smoke within one year prior to the baseline or follow-up examination. bPersistent smokers were classified as subjects who declared current smoking at both examinations. cObese subjects were defined as BMI≥30kg/m2 at the baseline or follow-up examination. dCorresponded to a level of ≥ 1.8 mg/l.