Testing of traditional Makah halibut hooks

The attached data is from two experiments conducted to test the use of the traditional halibut hook of the Makah Tribe, called a čibu·d, for use in recreational halibut fisheries. The first study was conducted over two phases completed in 2017 (phase 1) and 2018 (phase 2) with the objective of determining if we could improve the fishing performance of the čibu·d tested by Scordino et al. (2017). Scordino et al. (2017) found that čibu·d significantly reduced bycatch during recreational halibut fisheries as compared to paired 8/0 circle hooks that are commonly used in today's recreational halibut fisheries. The study also found that the čibu·d reduced the catch of halibut relative to the paired 8/0 circle hooks. However, the bycatch ratio (halibut caught per bycatch) was much better for the čibu·d than the paired 8/0 circle hooks showing that the use of the čibu·d could be an effective tool to reduce bycatch n recreational fisheries. In phase 1 of our study we compared the fishing performance of čibu·d manufactured from four different materials (wood, plastic, brass, and stainless steel) to determine if the buoyancy of čibu·d material affected its fishing performance. The čibu·d manufactured for phase 1 of the study utilized measurements from Scordino et al. (2017) of the best performing handmade brass čibu·d used in that study. We found no statistical difference in the performance of plastic, brass, and stainless steel čibu·d for catching halibut. In phase 2 of our study, we selected the brass čibu·d to compare to two commonly fished hook arrangements in present day recreational halibut fisheries, paired 8/0 circle hooks and a single 16/0 circle hook, to have continuity with our previously published research (Scordino et al. 2017). Using recreational fishermen to collect data, we found no significant difference in halibut catch rates between brass čibu·d, paired 8/0 circle hooks, and the single 16/0 circle hook. We found that brass čibu·d had significantly lower bycatch per set and byatch ratio (halibut:bycatch) than the other two hook set ups. We also found that the 16/0 circle hook had significantly less bycatch than the paired 8/0 hooks. The other study represented in this data set was a study to determine the optimum bait to fish on čibu·d. The ethnographic record mentions many different types of bait used but mentions devilfish (octopus) most frequently. Although many types of bait are listed, there are no mentions of using herring. Our previously published study (Scordino et al. 2017) and the study described above used herring for bait. This study evaluated if catch performance was different when čibu·d were fished with octopus, squid, herring, and rockfish fillets. We fished the four bait types concurrently and reeled up as soon as a fish bit one (sometimes more) of the hooks and recorded the catch. We found not statistical difference in catch performance by bait type.本配套数据集源自两项实验，旨在测试马卡族（Makah Tribe）传统大比目鱼（halibut）钩——奇布德（čibu·d）在休闲大比目鱼渔业中的应用效果。 第一项研究分为两个阶段，分别于2017年（第一阶段）和2018年（第二阶段）完成，其研究目标为改进Scordino等人（2017）所测试的奇布德（čibu·d）的捕捞性能。Scordino等（2017）的研究发现，相较于当前休闲大比目鱼渔业普遍使用的配对式8/0型圆形钩（8/0 circle hooks），奇布德（čibu·d）可显著降低副渔获（bycatch）量，但同时相较该配对钩组也降低了目标鱼种大比目鱼的捕获量。不过，奇布德（čibu·d）的副渔获比（每捕获1头副渔获物对应的大比目鱼捕获量）远优于配对式8/0型圆形钩（8/0 circle hooks），表明奇布德（čibu·d）可作为休闲渔业中降低副渔获的有效工具。 本研究第一阶段中，我们对比了四种不同材料（木材、塑料、黄铜、不锈钢）制作的奇布德（čibu·d）的捕捞性能，以探究钩体材料的浮力是否会影响其捕捞表现。本研究第一阶段所用的奇布德（čibu·d），参照了Scordino等（2017）研究中性能最优的手工黄铜制奇布德的尺寸参数。结果显示，塑料、黄铜及不锈钢制奇布德（čibu·d）在大比目鱼捕获量上未发现统计学显著差异。 本研究第二阶段中，我们选用黄铜制奇布德（čibu·d），与当前休闲大比目鱼渔业常用的两种钩组（配对式8/0型圆形钩（8/0 circle hooks）、单只16/0型圆形钩（16/0 circle hook））开展对比实验，以延续此前已发表的研究成果（Scordino et al. 2017）。本次研究招募休闲渔民参与数据采集，结果显示，黄铜制奇布德（čibu·d）、配对式8/0型圆形钩（8/0 circle hooks）及单只16/0型圆形钩（16/0 circle hook）的大比目鱼捕获率无显著差异。但黄铜制奇布德（čibu·d）的单位钓组副渔获量及副渔获比（大比目鱼:副渔获物）均显著低于另外两种钩组；同时，单只16/0型圆形钩（16/0 circle hook）的副渔获量显著低于配对式8/0型圆形钩（8/0 circle hooks）。 本数据集涵盖的另一项研究，旨在确定适配奇布德（čibu·d）的最优钓饵。民族志记录中提及了多种曾被使用的钓饵，其中最常被提到的是章鱼（devilfish，即octopus）。尽管记录中列出了多种钓饵类型，但未提及使用鲱鱼（herring）。此前Scordino等（2017）的研究及上述第一项研究均以鲱鱼作为钓饵。本研究评估了奇布德（čibu·d）分别搭配章鱼、鱿鱼（squid）、鲱鱼及岩鱼片（rockfish fillets）时的捕捞性能差异。本次实验同时布设四种钓饵，当有鱼类（有时为多条）咬钩时立即收线并记录捕获情况。结果显示，不同钓饵类型的捕捞性能无统计学显著差异。