Orlando Furioso in The Louvre, Lens

Roland was the bravest and most loyal of the 12 legendary paladins, or knights, who served Charlemagne, king of the Franks*. Although Charlemagne was a historical figure, many fanciful tales about the king and his knights appeared during the Middle Ages. It was said that Roland stood 8 feet tall and carried a magical sword called Durindana (or Durendal) that had once belonged to the Trojan hero Hector. According to medieval stories, Roland (or Orlando) was the son of Charlemagne's sister. Living as a poor peasant in Italy, he was welcomed to the court of the king after his true identity was revealed. Although a powerful warrior, Roland's concern with winning honor and fame eventually cost him his life. Ganelon to negotiate with the Muslim leader. Instead, jealous of Roland, Ganelon plotted with the enemy and revealed the route Roland's army planned to take. The Muslims waited for Roland and ambushed him at Roncesvalles in the Pyrenees Mountains. The paladins had told Roland to blow his ivory horn to summon reinforcements from Charlemagne, but Roland refused to call for help until the battle was almost lost. By then it was too late. When Charlemagne's troops arrived, Roland and many of the bravest paladins were dead. At the end of the story, Charlemagne had Ganelon killed for his treachery The expressive power of the Roland, whose destructive fury was hampered, impressed the public 1831. Betrayed furniture in his love for the princess Angelica, the paladin expresses his despair with unprecedented violence, any romantic. However, Duseigneur honors her knight worthy of heroic nudity of classical sculpture.   Duseigneur young sculptor, 23, caused a sensation at the 1831 Salon by presenting the plaster model of Roland furious. The violence of the expression immediately made a manifesto of romantic sculpture. Owned by the wrath of her unrequited love and struggling to free himself from his bonds, Roland band muscles, twists his limbs and torso, hands gripping the ground; the face is contorted in pain, eyes are rolled back by dementia. The writer and poet Théophile Gautier (1811-1872) dedicated an ode to the sculptor, where he sings: Roland the paladin, who, foaming at the mouth,Under a frowning, rolling a fawn and fishy eye,And on acute rocks he uprooted,Naked, mad love, the fire in the nostrilProtrudes large bones of her large breasts,And twists his chained members. The work, however, reveals all the ambiguities of romantic sculpture. The sculptor was inspired by Orlando Furioso (1516-1532) of Ariosto, which recounts the adventures of Charlemagne's paladins. Roland, the bravest of them learns that Angelique, the beautiful princess of Cathay which he is madly in love, loves another. Mad with grief, he throws his armor, tore his clothes and gives way to fury, uprooting trees with bare hands. Knights friends manage to bind to end its ravages and try to bring him to reason. The subject seems to share the taste of the Romantic generation for the Middle Ages. Duseigneur, which belonged to the inner circle of Victor Hugo, had also adopted the medieval name Jehan. Yet the artist does not describe a knight in armor, with all its picturesque paraphernalia. He chose the only passage where the hero is stripped, allowing him to justify a virtuoso demonstration academic nude, consistent with the classical tradition. The Conservative critic Gustave Planche also appreciated some good muscle portions. Seminal work of romanticism, it was not yet transcribed bronze that 36 years later, after the death of the artist. His son Maurice the melted at its expense and sold it cheaply to the state. It was presented a few years in the garden of Luxembourg before entering the Louvre in 1900.   This object is part of Scan The World. Scan the World is a non-profit initiative introduced by MyMiniFactory, through which we are creating a digital archive of fully 3D printable sculptures, artworks and landmarks from across the globe for the public to access for free. Scan the World is an open source, community effort, if you have interesting items around you and would like to contribute, email [e-mail] to find out how you can help.

罗兰是侍奉法兰克国王查理曼（Charlemagne）的十二位传奇圣骑士（Paladin）中最为勇敢忠诚的一位。尽管查理曼是真实存在的历史人物，但中世纪时期涌现了大量关于这位国王与麾下骑士的奇幻传说。据称罗兰身高八尺，手持一柄曾属于特洛伊英雄赫克托尔的魔法圣剑杜林达纳（Durindana，又称杜伦达尔Durendal）。

根据中世纪叙事，罗兰（亦称奥兰多Orlando）是查理曼的外甥。他曾以贫苦农民的身份生活在意大利，直至真实身份揭晓后才被接入国王宫廷。作为一名强悍的战士，罗兰对荣誉与名望的执念最终葬送了自己的性命。加尼隆受命与穆斯林首领谈判，然而他因嫉妒罗兰，暗中与敌军勾结，泄露了罗兰军队的行军路线。穆斯林军在比利牛斯山脉的隆塞斯瓦耶斯设伏，突袭了罗兰所部。

圣骑士们曾嘱咐罗兰吹响象牙号角，向查理曼召集援军，但罗兰直至战局濒临绝境才肯呼救，彼时已然为时已晚。当查理曼的援军抵达时，罗兰与一众英勇的圣骑士已尽数阵亡。故事的结局中，查理曼以叛国罪处死了加尼隆。

1831年，这件展现被束缚的狂暴怒火的罗兰形象，令公众为之震撼。因挚爱安吉丽卡公主遭背叛，这位圣骑士以空前激烈的姿态宣泄绝望，毫无浪漫温情可言。然而，青年雕塑家迪瑟涅尔（Duseigneur）却赋予这位骑士古典雕塑般的英雄裸姿。

时年23岁的迪瑟涅尔，凭借《狂怒的罗兰》石膏模型在1831年巴黎沙龙引发轰动。其极具冲击力的表情立刻成为浪漫主义雕塑的宣言。深陷单恋怒火、奋力挣脱束缚的罗兰，紧绷肌肉、扭曲四肢与躯干，双手紧握地面；面部因痛苦扭曲，双眼因癫狂后翻。诗人、作家泰奥菲尔·戈蒂耶（Théophile Gautier，1811-1872）曾为这位雕塑家献上一首颂诗，其中咏道：
圣骑士罗兰，口吐白沫，
眉头紧锁，翻弄着鹿眼与腥红的眼瞳，
在陡峭的岩石间拔起树木，
赤身裸体，因疯狂的爱而鼻孔喷张，
硕大的胸脯凸起骨骼，
扭动着被束缚的肢体。

然而，这件作品也尽显浪漫主义雕塑的所有矛盾性。

该雕塑的灵感源自阿里奥斯托（Ariosto）的《疯狂的奥兰多》（Orlando Furioso，1516-1532），这部作品讲述了查理曼麾下圣骑士们的冒险故事。身为其中最英勇的骑士，罗兰得知自己痴恋的中国公主安吉丽卡心属他人。悲痛欲绝的他抛下铠甲、撕毁衣衫，陷入狂怒，徒手拔起树木。同伴们只得将他束缚，以制止其暴行，并试图让他恢复理智。

这一主题似乎契合了浪漫主义一代对中世纪的审美偏好。迪瑟涅尔身为维克多·雨果核心圈的成员，甚至取用了中世纪风格的名字‘让’（Jehan）。但这位艺术家并未描绘身着铠甲、带着一应华丽装备的骑士，而是选取了主人公赤身露体的桥段，得以展现符合古典传统的学院派精湛裸体技艺。保守派批评家古斯塔夫·普朗什（Gustave Planche）也对作品中几处出色的肌肉刻画赞赏有加。

作为浪漫主义的奠基之作，它直到艺术家去世36年后才被铸为青铜像。艺术家之子莫里斯自费将石膏模型熔铸，并以低价售予法国政府。该作品曾在卢森堡公园展出数年，最终于1900年入藏卢浮宫。

本展品属于「扫描世界（Scan The World）」项目的一部分。「扫描世界」是MyMiniFactory发起的非营利性计划，旨在打造一个可免费公开访问的数字档案库，收录全球各地可3D打印的雕塑、艺术品与地标建筑。该项目为开源社区协作项目，若您身边有有趣的藏品并希望参与贡献，可发送邮件至[e-mail]了解参与方式。