Nine C57BL/6J male mice (6-8 weeks) were randomly divided into three groups, sham, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and melatonin group (n = 3). The sham group only received craniectomy, while TBI and th
Traumatic brainstem injury (TBSI) is one of the forms of brain injury and has a very high mortality rate. Understanding the molecular mechanism of injury can provide supplementary information for clin
STUDY PURPOSE: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients frequently experience chronic pain that can enhance their suffering and significantly impair rehabilitative efforts. The locus coeruleus (LC) is th
FAM19A5 is a secretory protein that is predominantly expressed in the brain. Although the FAM19A5 gene has been found to be associated with neurological and/or psychiatric diseases, only limited infor
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is described as a structural damage or physiological disturbance of brain function that occurs after trauma and causes disability or death in people of all ages. New treat