Survey of dental diseases in Crioulo breed horses reared in an extensive farming system

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to identify and quantify dental diseases in Crioulo horses reared exclusively under extensive farming conditions. In total, 254 Crioulo horses were evaluated, that were reared exclusively in native pastures with predominantly Eragrostis plana (Annoni grass). The animals were divided into three groups according to age: three to five years (G1), six to 12 years (G2), and 13 to 26 years (G3). In total, 46.1% of the animals in G1, 63.8% in G2, and 82.3% in G3 had two or more incisor disorders; 37.5% in G1, 52.5% in G2 and 45.5% in G3 had two or more disease findings in the canines; and 28.9% in G1, 35.4% in G2, and 64.7% in G3 had four or more disease findings in the second, third, and fourth premolars and molars. However, dental calculus was observed in 90.5% of G2 animals, whereas in G3, the occurrence rate of excessive enamel points and calculus was 82.4%. Although all of the horses studied were reared in an extensive farming system, dental changes were very common in the Crioulo breed reared under these management conditions.摘要 本研究旨在识别并量化仅以粗放养殖模式饲养的克里奥洛马（Crioulo horses）的牙科疾病。本研究共评估254匹克里奥洛马，这些马匹均仅饲养于以扁穗画眉草（Eragrostis plana，Annoni草）为优势草种的原生牧场中。根据年龄将受试动物分为三组：3~5岁组（G1）、6~12岁组（G2）及13~26岁组（G3）。结果显示，G1组46.1%、G2组63.8%、G3组82.3%的马匹存在2种及以上门齿异常；G1组37.5%、G2组52.5%、G3组45.5%的马匹存在2种及以上犬齿病变；G1组28.9%、G2组35.4%、G3组64.7%的马匹在第二、第三及第四前臼齿和臼齿中存在4种及以上牙科病变。此外，G2组90.5%的马匹检出牙结石，而G3组过度釉质尖与牙结石的发生率为82.4%。尽管本研究涉及的所有受试马匹均采用粗放养殖模式，但在该饲养管理条件下的克里奥洛马群体中，牙科病变仍极为常见。