Aflatoxins and fumonisins in feed from a broiler operation system from São Paulo state, Brazil

ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to assess the occurrence of aflatoxins (AFs) and fumonisins (FBs) in feed ingredients (corn and soybean meal) and finishing feed in a broiler operation system, as well was to evaluate their effect on the productivity of 20 batches of broilers produced and the histology status of broilers’ liver after slaughter. Corn samples presented the highest frequencies of AFs and FBs, at mean levels of 29.1 and 2,100µg/kg, respectively. Soybean samples presented mean levels of 1.5 and 70µg/kg for AFs and FBs, respectively. Batches of broilers receiving feed containing FB levels higher than 1,000µg/kg had lower weight gain and higher mortality rates, while those fed rations with AFs equal or above the limit of quantification (LOQ) of the analytical method presented higher scores of histological changes in the liver. A dilution effect was observed for AFs and FBs from ingredients, especially corn, to feed during manufacture, whilst not enough to prevent losses in productivity. Results of this trial highlighted the need for strict control of mycotoxins in corn intended for broilers.摘要：本研究旨在评估肉鸡养殖系统中饲料原料（玉米与豆粕）及育肥饲料内的黄曲霉毒素（aflatoxins, AFs）与伏马菌素（fumonisins, FBs）污染情况，并探究其对20批肉鸡生产性能以及屠宰后肉鸡肝脏组织学状态的影响。结果显示，玉米样品中黄曲霉毒素与伏马菌素的检出频率最高，平均含量分别为29.1μg/kg与2100μg/kg；豆粕样品中两类毒素的平均含量分别为1.5μg/kg与70μg/kg。饲喂伏马菌素含量高于1000μg/kg饲料的肉鸡批次，其增重更低、死亡率更高；而饲喂黄曲霉毒素含量达到或高于分析方法定量限（limit of quantification, LOQ）的饲料的肉鸡批次，其肝脏组织学病变评分更高。在饲料生产过程中，原料（尤其是玉米）中的黄曲霉毒素与伏马菌素存在稀释效应，但该效应不足以避免生产性能损失。本试验结果凸显了对肉鸡专用玉米实施严格霉菌毒素管控的必要性。