E-learning in Pharmacy Education: what do we know about it?

The increase and flexibilization of e-learning in Brazil has generated concern about the low capacity to ensure the quality of institutions and courses. The objective is to identify the literature on experiences of pharmaceutical e-learning. A scope review was carried out, mapping key concepts and evidence. The selected articles, without period restriction, from the Scielo, Pubmed and Scopus databases provided data on the educational level of experience, modality, workload, content delivery method, instruments used, types of topics, evaluation information and purpose of the study. There were 87 articles on preparation for subsequent classes; feedback or continuation of previous classes; to specific training; the comparison between face-to-face and distance education modalities; and distance learning. Among the subjects treated, 51.8% involved pharmaceutical clinic and 42.5% basic science. Positive student assessment was found in more than 92% of cases. Isolation, and deficits in social and analytical skills were negative points. Technology infrastructure can impact learning. In Brazil, the health area has manifested opposition to the use of distance education in undergraduate studies. There is no evidence on the organization of undergraduate distance courses, but there are elements indicating risks to the results of training and development of professional skills in this modality.巴西电子学习（e-learning）的普及与弹性化发展，引发了学界对院校与课程质量保障能力不足的担忧。本研究旨在梳理有关药学电子学习实践经验的相关文献。本研究采用范围综述（scoping review）方法，对核心概念与相关证据进行系统性梳理与呈现。本研究未设置文献发表时间限制，从Scielo、PubMed、Scopus数据库中筛选得到的文献，提供了如下维度的相关数据：实践的教育层级、教学模式、教学工作量、内容交付方式、所用测评工具、主题类别、评价信息以及研究目的。纳入的87篇文献的研究用途涵盖：辅助课前预习、补充既往课程的教学反馈与延伸内容、开展专项技能培训、对比面对面教学（face-to-face）与远程教育（distance education）模式，以及针对远程教育本身的研究。在所涉及的研究主题中，51.8%聚焦于药学临床相关内容，42.5%则涉及基础科学领域。超过92%的研究报告了学生的正向评价结果。研究同时指出了存在的不足：学习者的孤立感、社交能力与分析能力缺失等问题。技术基础设施建设水平会对学习效果产生显著影响。在巴西，卫生领域学界对本科阶段采用远程教育的做法明确表示反对。目前尚无针对本科远程教育课程组织架构的相关研究证据，但已有研究结果表明，该模式下的职业技能培训与能力发展存在潜在风险。