Professional profiles of technical course plans in health: market, SUS and human education

Abstract The study that originated this article is qualitative, documentary and of historical-dialectical perspective, whose objective is to reflect on approximations and departures from the training of technicians in the health area in relation to the Brazilian Unified Health System and human formation, through the analysis of seven course plans, focusing on the professional profile of six schools (four public and two private schools) in the state of São Paulo. The analysis was based on the relationships established between professional profiles and some political-legal devices. The explanation of the Unified Health System in the description of the profiles is fragile, with no reference in most plans, except for two in nursing (one belonging to the Technical School of the Unified Health System). This weakness is in line with the national catalogs of technical courses in the versions used in the professional areas in focus. In the plans, with emphasis on technical courses in pharmacy and nutrition and dietetics, the explicit focus on the market stands out in the justifications and trends. There is appropriation of potentiating concepts of neoliberal logic, even with an indication of ‘critical training’. The proposition of human formation and in favor of the Unified Health System in technical professional education of medium level in health is challenging, considering the advances of the neoliberal logic.摘要 本研究为质性文献研究，秉持历史辩证视角，旨在通过分析圣保罗州6所院校（4所公立、2所私立）的7份课程大纲，探讨卫生领域技术人员培养与巴西统一卫生系统（Brazilian Unified Health System）及人文素养培育之间的契合与偏离路径。本研究的分析基于职业特质与若干政治法律规制之间的关联逻辑。在职业特质的阐释中，对巴西统一卫生系统的相关说明较为薄弱，多数课程大纲未提及相关内容，仅2份护理专业大纲为例外，其中1份隶属于巴西统一卫生系统技术学院。这一不足与当前聚焦专业领域所采用的国家技术课程目录版本的现状相符。在药学、营养学与膳食学专业的课程大纲中，课程设置依据与发展趋势均凸显出明确的市场导向倾向。尽管部分大纲提及“批判性培养”，但仍渗透着强化新自由主义逻辑的相关理念。考虑到新自由主义逻辑的持续蔓延，在中等卫生类职业技术教育中推行人文素养培育并助力巴西统一卫生系统建设，仍面临诸多挑战。