Evaluate design.

While virtual reality(VR) technology enhances learning, it also places new demands on medical learning evaluation. Verifying the occurrence of learning is a primary issue. To design and implement practical and feasible VR-based learning evaluation based on the immersive learning evaluation framework, the Substitution-Augmentation-Modification-Redefinition (SAMR) model, a VR-based learning evaluation framework, was constructed. This framework included competency, learning objectives, assessment tasks, evaluation data, criteria, and feedback. A comprehensive application pathway was developed, utilizing technological integration frameworks. This pathway includes the selection and implementation processes to offer teachers theoretical direction on evaluating medical learning using VR. Finally, this study performed a learning evaluation utilizing VR. The findings revealed that using VR for evaluation can create a deeply engaging and interactive environment. Participants reported feeling a strong sense of being present in the virtual environment and expressed high acceptance and satisfaction with the VR evaluation process. Furthermore, they believed that VR evaluation offers a comprehensive and practical means of assessing cognitive abilities and receiving feedback. These findings establish that VR evaluation optimise learning assessment and showcase the feasibility of the assessment framework and application path.尽管虚拟现实（Virtual Reality，VR）技术能够赋能学习，但同时也对医学学习评价提出了全新的要求。验证学习行为的实际发生，是当前亟待解决的核心议题。为基于沉浸式学习评价框架设计并落地兼具实用性与可行性的VR学习评价体系，本研究构建了面向VR场景的学习评价框架——替代-增强-修改-重定义（Substitution-Augmentation-Modification-Redefinition，SAMR）模型。该框架涵盖能力素养、学习目标、评价任务、评价数据、评价标准及反馈机制六大维度。研究依托技术整合框架开发了一套完整的应用路径，该路径包含遴选与实施两大流程，可为教师开展基于VR的医学学习评价提供理论指导。最后，本研究开展了基于VR的学习评价实践。结果显示，采用VR开展评价可构建出极具沉浸感与交互性的学习环境。参与实验的人员反馈称，自身能够强烈感知到身处虚拟环境中的临场感，并对VR评价流程表现出极高的接受度与满意度。此外，参与人员认为，VR评价为认知能力评估与反馈获取提供了全面且实用的途径。上述研究结果证实，VR评价可有效优化学习评价流程，同时验证了所提出的评价框架与应用路径的可行性。