Kolmogorov-Smirnov Tests For Distribution Function Similarity With Applications To Portfolios of Common Stock

If the elements of the choice set in a decision model involving randomness are not arbitrary, but restricted appropriately, an expected utility ordering of them can be represented by a mean standard deviation ranking function. These restrictions can apply to the form of, or can specify relationships在包含随机性（randomness）的决策模型（decision model）中，若选择集（choice set）内的元素并非任意设定，而是经过适当约束，则其对应的期望效用（expected utility）序可通过均值-标准差排序函数（mean standard deviation ranking function）进行表征。此类约束既可作用于元素的形式，亦可用于指定相关关系。