DDT 48 — RISK PREVENTION PLAN FOR TARN AND JONTE BLOCK FALLS

The COVADIS data standard for risk prevention plans includes all the technical and organisational specifications for the digital storage of geographical data represented in the risk prevention plans (RPPs). The major risks consist of the eight main natural hazards foreseeable in the national territory: floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, terrain movements, coastal hazards, avalanches, forest fires, cyclones and storms, and four technological risks: nuclear risk, industrial risk, risk of transport of hazardous materials and risk of dam failure. The Risk Prevention Plans (PPR) were established by the Act of 2 February 1995 on strengthening the protection of the environment. The PPR tool is part of the Law of 22 July 1987 on the organisation of civil security, the protection of the forest against fire and the prevention of major risks. The development of a RPP is the responsibility of the State. It is decided by the Prefect. Whether natural, technological or multi-hazard, risk prevention plans have similarities. They contain three categories of information: • Regulatory mapping translates into a geographical delimitation of the territory concerned by the risk. This delimitation defines areas in which specific regulations apply. These regulations are easement and impose requirements varying according to the hazard level to which the area is exposed. The areas are represented on a zoning plan that fully covers the study area. • The hazards at the origin of the risk are contained in hazard documents which may be inserted in the presentation report or annexed to the RPP. These documents are used to map the different intensity levels of each hazard considered in the risk prevention plan. • The issues identified during the preparation of the RPP can also be annexed to the approved document in the form of maps. These similarities between the different types of PPR and the desire to achieve a good level of standardisation of PPR data have led COVADIS to opt for a single data standard, sufficiently generic to process the different types of risk prevention plan (natural risk prevention plans PPRN, technological risk prevention plans PPRT) This data standard does not consist of a complete modelling of a risk prevention plan dossier. The scope of this document is limited to geographical data in the RPPs, whether regulatory or not. Nor is the PPR standard intended to standardise knowledge of hazards. The challenge is to have a description for a homogeneous storage of the geographical data of the RPPs, since these data are of interest to several professions within the ministries responsible for agriculture, on the one hand, and ecology, and on the other hand, sustainable development.

用于风险预防计划的COVADIS数据标准（COVADIS data standard）涵盖了风险预防计划（Risk Prevention Plans，简称RPP）中地理数据数字化存储的全部技术与组织规范。其涵盖的主要风险包括本国领土内可预见的八大类自然灾害：洪涝、地震、火山喷发、地形位移、海岸灾害、雪崩、森林火灾、气旋与风暴，以及四类技术风险：核风险、工业风险、危险物料运输风险与溃坝风险。
风险预防计划（PPR）由1995年2月2日《加强环境保护法案》确立。该PPR工具则纳入1987年7月22日《关于组织民防、森林防火与重大风险预防的法律》的监管范畴。风险预防计划的编制工作由国家负责，最终审批由省长作出。
无论自然风险、技术风险还是多灾害类型的风险预防计划，均存在共通结构，均包含三类信息：
• 监管区划制图：将风险覆盖的领土范围进行地理界定，明确特定监管规则适用的区域。此类规则涉及地役权，并根据区域面临的灾害等级设定差异化约束要求。上述区域以全覆盖研究区域的分区规划图进行可视化呈现。
• 灾害源文档：收录构成风险的各类灾害相关信息，可嵌入风险预防计划的介绍报告，或作为其附件。此类文档用于绘制风险预防计划中所考量的各类灾害的不同强度等级分布。
• 编制问题图集：风险预防计划编制过程中识别出的相关问题，同样可通过地图形式作为附件纳入获批文件。
不同类型PPR之间的共性特征，以及提升PPR数据标准化水平的行业需求，促使COVADIS采用单一数据标准。该标准具备足够通用性，可适配各类风险预防计划，包括自然风险预防计划（natural risk prevention plans，简称PPRN）与技术风险预防计划（technological risk prevention plans，简称PPRT）。
本数据标准并非对风险预防计划档案的完整建模，其适用范围仅局限于RPP中的地理数据（无论是否属于监管范畴），亦不旨在实现灾害相关知识的标准化。本次标准化的核心挑战在于为RPP的地理数据提供统一描述方案，以实现其同质化存储；此类数据可为农业、生态与可持续发展领域相关部委内的多个职业岗位所用。