HIV during first-line tuberculosis treatment is associated with rifampicin mono-resistant TB and acquired TB drug resistance a retrospective cohort study in South Africa

South Africa has a high burden of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (including multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, MDR-TB), with increasing rifampicin mono-resistant TB (RMR-TB) over time. Acquisition of resistance during first-line TB treatment could be a significant contributor to this burden, and HIV infection might increase rifampicin-resistance acquisition risk. We assessed whether HIV during previous TB treatment was associated with RMR-TB and resistance acquisition among a retrospective MDR/RR-TB patient cohort...