South Asia PM2.5 map: India | Data

High-resolution surface PM2.5 concentration for India, built from satellite products, surface monitors, and machine learning pipelines. This dataset is produced using a reimplementation of the Improved daily PM2.5 estimates in India reveal inequalities in recent enhancement of air quality (Kawano, et al., 2025) built by the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA). See southasia-pm2-5.energyandcleanair.org for more details. You can download daily PM2.5 data from the original authors for 1 January 2005 to 30 September 2023 from https://zenodo.org/records/13694585. Structure of the dataset The dataset is provided in CF-1.8–compliant NetCDF format, containing daily surface PM2.5 concentrations (μg/m3) at 10 km resolution over India. It includes time, x, and y dimensions, with the primary variable pm25(time, y, x). The data uses the WGS 84 / India NSF Lambert Conformal Conic projection (EPSG: 7755) to define spatial coordinates. Model accuracy We provide the results of the spatial cross-validation in a CSV file alongside the results. This has the headers r2 and rmse (in ug/m3). We use the same cross-validation metrics and methodology for daily values as for the final full model by Kawano et al. (2025). Using the data When using this data, please reference: Kawano, Ayako, et al. "Improved daily PM2.5 estimates in India reveal inequalities in recent enhancement of air quality." Science Advances 11.4 (2025): eadq1071. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adq1071 The version of the data used from Zenodo.本数据集为印度高分辨率地表PM2.5浓度数据，基于卫星遥感产品、地面监测站点与机器学习流程构建而成。本数据集由能源与清洁空气研究中心（Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air, CREA）复现Kawano等人2025年发表的《Improved daily PM2.5 estimates in India reveal inequalities in recent enhancement of air quality》一文的方法生成。更多详情可访问southasia-pm2-5.energyandcleanair.org。 用户可从https://zenodo.org/records/13694585下载原作者发布的2005年1月1日至2023年9月30日的每日PM2.5数据。 ## 数据集结构 本数据集采用符合CF-1.8标准的NetCDF格式存储，包含印度全域10公里分辨率的每日地表PM2.5浓度数据（单位：μg/m³）。数据集包含时间、x、y三个维度，核心变量为pm25(time, y, x)。空间坐标采用WGS 84 / 印度国家科学基金会兰伯特共形圆锥投影（EPSG: 7755）定义。 ## 模型精度 本数据集附带包含空间交叉验证结果的CSV文件，该文件表头为r2与均方根误差（RMSE），单位为μg/m³。本次研究所采用的交叉验证指标与方法，与Kawano等人2025年最终完整模型所使用的方法完全一致。 ## 数据使用规范 使用本数据集时，请引用如下文献： Kawano Ayako 等. 印度高精度每日PM2.5估算结果揭示近期空气质量改善中的不平等现象[J]. Science Advances, 2025, 11(4): eadq1071. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adq1071 本次所使用的Zenodo平台发布的数据版本。