South Asia PM2.5 map: India | Data

High-resolution surface PM2.5 concentration for India, built from satellite products, surface monitors, and machine learning pipelines. This dataset is produced using a reimplementation of the Improved daily PM2.5 estimates in India reveal inequalities in recent enhancement of air quality (Kawano, et al., 2025) built by the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA). See southasia-pm2-5.energyandcleanair.org for more details. You can download daily PM2.5 data from the original authors for 1 January 2005 to 30 September 2023 from https://zenodo.org/records/13694585. Structure of the dataset The dataset is provided in CF-1.8–compliant NetCDF format, containing daily surface PM2.5 concentrations (μg/m3) at 10 km resolution over India. It includes time, x, and y dimensions, with the primary variable pm25(time, y, x). The data uses the WGS 84 / India NSF Lambert Conformal Conic projection (EPSG: 7755) to define spatial coordinates. Model accuracy We provide the results of the spatial cross-validation in a CSV file alongside the results. This has the headers r2 and rmse (in ug/m3). We use the same cross-validation metrics and methodology for daily values as for the final full model by Kawano et al. (2025). Using the data When using this data, please reference: Kawano, Ayako, et al. "Improved daily PM2.5 estimates in India reveal inequalities in recent enhancement of air quality." Science Advances 11.4 (2025): eadq1071. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adq1071 The version of the data used from Zenodo.本数据集为印度高分辨率地表PM2.5浓度数据，基于卫星遥感产品、地表监测站点与机器学习流水线构建。本数据集复现了《印度每日PM2.5改进估算结果揭示近期空气质量改善的不平等性》（Improved daily PM2.5 estimates in India reveal inequalities in recent enhancement of air quality）（Kawano等，2025）中的研究方法，由能源与清洁空气研究中心（Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air，CREA）开发。更多详情可访问southasia-pm2-5.energyandcleanair.org。 用户可从Zenodo平台的13694585号数据集记录中下载2005年1月1日至2023年9月30日的原作者提供的每日PM2.5数据，下载链接为https://zenodo.org/records/13694585。 数据集结构 本数据集采用符合CF-1.8规范的NetCDF格式存储，包含印度全域10千米分辨率的每日地表PM2.5浓度数据（单位：μg/m³）。数据集包含时间（time）、x、y三个维度，核心变量为pm25(time, y, x)。空间坐标采用WGS 84 / 印度国家科学基金会兰伯特共形圆锥投影（EPSG: 7755）定义。 模型精度 本研究附带的CSV文件中包含空间交叉验证结果，文件表头为r2与rmse（单位：μg/m³）。我们采用与Kawano等（2025）最终全模型一致的交叉验证指标与方法，计算每日PM2.5数据的精度。 数据使用规范 使用本数据集时，请引用以下文献： Kawano, Ayako, et al. "Improved daily PM2.5 estimates in India reveal inequalities in recent enhancement of air quality." Science Advances 11.4 (2025): eadq1071. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adq1071 同时请注明所使用的Zenodo平台数据集版本。