TREATMENT EFFECTIVENESS IN PATIENTS WITH TUBERCULOSIS AND DIABETES MELLITUS

Tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) comorbidity represents a significant global health challenge. Diabetes increases the risk of developing active TB, worsens disease progression, delays sputum conversion, and negatively affects treatment outcomes. This study aims to evaluate treatment effectiveness in patients with TB-DM comorbidity based on current international evidence. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 10.7 million people developed TB in 2024, with 1.23 million deaths. Additionally, around 0.93 million incident TB cases were attributable to diabetes. The global burden of diabetes is also increasing, with 589 million adults affected worldwide in 2025 according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Recent meta-analyses demonstrate that optimal glycemic control is associated with improved TB treatment outcomes, reduced sputum positivity, and fewer cavitary lesions. However, high-quality randomized evidence remains limited. Integrated screening, regular glycemic monitoring, and combined management strategies are essential to improve therapeutic effectiveness in TB-DM patients.

结核病（Tuberculosis, TB）与糖尿病（Diabetes Mellitus, DM）共病是一项严峻的全球公共卫生挑战。糖尿病会增加活动性结核病的发病风险，加重疾病进展，延缓痰菌转阴，并对治疗结局产生负面影响。本研究旨在基于当前国际证据，评估结核病-糖尿病共病患者的治疗有效性。根据世界卫生组织（World Health Organization, WHO）的数据，2024年全球新发结核病患者约1070万，死亡123万例。此外，约93万新发结核病例可归因于糖尿病。全球糖尿病负担也在持续攀升，据国际糖尿病联盟（International Diabetes Federation, IDF）统计，2025年全球成年糖尿病患者达5.89亿。近期荟萃分析显示，优化血糖控制可改善结核病治疗结局、降低痰菌阳性率并减少空洞性病变的发生。然而，高质量随机对照研究证据仍然有限。整合筛查、定期血糖监测与联合管理策略，对于改善结核病-糖尿病共病患者的治疗效果至关重要。